Monday, May 7, 2012
Blogs
A blog is a personal journal published on the World Wide Web consisting of discrete entries ("posts") typically displayed in reverse chronological order so the most recent post appears first. Blogs are usually the work of a single individual, occasionally of a small group, and often are themed on a single subject. Blog can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.
Forums
An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted messages. They differ from chat rooms in that messages are at least temporarily archived. Also, depending on the access level of a user or the forum set-up, a posted message might need to be approved by a moderator before it becomes visible.
Forums have a specific set of jargon associated with them; e.g. a single conversation is called a "thread".
A discussion forum is hierarchical or tree-like in structure: a forum can contain a number of subforums, each of which may have several topics. Within a forum's topic, each new discussion started is called a thread, and can be replied to by as many people as so wish
Monday, December 19, 2011
Expert Systems
What is an Expert System?
An expert system is computer software that attempts to act like a human expert on a particular subject area.
Expert systems are often used to advise non-experts in situations where a human expert in unavailable (for example it may be too expensive to employ a human expert, or it might be a difficult to reach location).
How Do Expert Systems Work?
An expert system is made up of three parts:
A user interface - This is the system that allows a non-expert user to query (question) the expert system, and to receive advice. T|bn\Uerface is designed to be a simple to use as possible.
A knowledge base - This is a collection of facts and rules. The knowledge base is created from information provided by human experts
An inference engine - This acts rather like a search engine, examining the knowledge base for information that matches the user's query.
An expert system is computer software that attempts to act like a human expert on a particular subject area.
Expert systems are often used to advise non-experts in situations where a human expert in unavailable (for example it may be too expensive to employ a human expert, or it might be a difficult to reach location).
How Do Expert Systems Work?
An expert system is made up of three parts:
A user interface - This is the system that allows a non-expert user to query (question) the expert system, and to receive advice. T|bn\Uerface is designed to be a simple to use as possible.
A knowledge base - This is a collection of facts and rules. The knowledge base is created from information provided by human experts
An inference engine - This acts rather like a search engine, examining the knowledge base for information that matches the user's query.
Thursday, December 8, 2011
Process Flow Diagram
A Process Flow Diagram - PFD - (or System Flow Diagram - SFD) shows the relationships between the major components in the system. PFD also tabulate process design values for the components in different operating modes, typical minimum, normal and maximum. A PFD does not show minor components, piping systems, piping ratings and designations.
A PFD should include:
Process Piping
Major equipment symbols, names and identification numbers
Control, valves and valves that affect operation of the system
Interconnection with other systems
Major bypass and recirculation lines
System ratings and operational values as minimum, normal and maximum flow, temperature and pressure
Composition of fluids
This figure depict a small and simplified PFD:
A PFD should include:
Process Piping
Major equipment symbols, names and identification numbers
Control, valves and valves that affect operation of the system
Interconnection with other systems
Major bypass and recirculation lines
System ratings and operational values as minimum, normal and maximum flow, temperature and pressure
Composition of fluids
This figure depict a small and simplified PFD:
Saturday, October 29, 2011
Data Flow Diagrams
A data flow diagram (DFD) is a graphical representation of the "flow" of data through an information system, modelling its process aspects. Often they are a preliminary step used to create an overview of the system which can later be elaborated.DFDs can also be used for the visualization of data processing (structured design).
A DFD shows what kinds of data will be input to and output from the system, where the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not show information about the timing of processes, or information about whether processes will operate in sequence or in parallel (which is shown on a flowchart).
A DFD shows what kinds of data will be input to and output from the system, where the data will come from and go to, and where the data will be stored. It does not show information about the timing of processes, or information about whether processes will operate in sequence or in parallel (which is shown on a flowchart).
Tuesday, October 25, 2011
System Flowchart
What is a System Fowchart?
System flowcharts are a way of displaying how data flows in a system and how decisions are made to control events.
To illustrate this, symbols are used. They are connected together to show what happens to data and where it goes. The basic ones include:
Symbols used in flow charts
Note that system flow charts are very similar to data flow charts. Data flow charts do not include decisions, they just show the path that data takes, where it is held, processed, and then output.
System flowcharts are a way of displaying how data flows in a system and how decisions are made to control events.
To illustrate this, symbols are used. They are connected together to show what happens to data and where it goes. The basic ones include:
Symbols used in flow charts
Note that system flow charts are very similar to data flow charts. Data flow charts do not include decisions, they just show the path that data takes, where it is held, processed, and then output.
Flowchart
What is a Flowchart?
A flowchart is simply a diagram which shows the breakdown of a task or system into all of the necessary steps.
Each step is represented by a symbol and connecting lines show the step-by-step progression through the task.
Have a look at the diagram below. It shows the process of ordering a burger.
There is a clear start, a series of steps, a clear direction of flow and a clear end or finish point.
This is a very simple flowchart. For some tasks or systems, the flowchart can be very complex and detailed.
A flowchart is simply a diagram which shows the breakdown of a task or system into all of the necessary steps.
Each step is represented by a symbol and connecting lines show the step-by-step progression through the task.
Have a look at the diagram below. It shows the process of ordering a burger.
There is a clear start, a series of steps, a clear direction of flow and a clear end or finish point.
This is a very simple flowchart. For some tasks or systems, the flowchart can be very complex and detailed.
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